The Green Mile by Stephen King :: Movies Film

The Green Mile by Stephen King is the story of man with god-given powers of healing sentenced to death and the change he cause in the prison guards. The themes of compassion and sacrifice can be seen in this novel. The theme of compassion is very much a part of this book. One part especially shows this truth. Percy, a prison guard, crushes a death row prisoner's pet mouse, which the prisoner loved more than life itself. This cruel act displays Percy's extreme lack of compassion and how little he cares about other people. Also, this action blazes the way for another heartless act of ruthlessness. When Percy is scheduled to be the executioner on death row, he "accidentally" does something wrong. Instead of taking the standard precautions to make death by the electric chair swift and painless, his mistake makes the death of Eduard Delacroix go slowly and painfully. After causing this agonizing death, Percy gets what he deserves and is never mentioned again. When a towering black man named John Coffey is sentenced to death by the electric chair, the prison guards assume that he was as guilty as any death row prisoner. But later, they start to believe that he is being punished for a crime which he did not commit. They learn that he was found holding two dead girls and thought to have killed them. The truth was that he was trying to use his god-given gift of healing to save the murdered children. The prison guards made it their mission to keep John Coffey from experiencing the cruel death which so many before had faced. They had a plan for Coffey's salvation all worked out. Surprisingly, when they asked Coffey if he wanted to escape, he replied that he could not stand all the misery and hate going on in the world, and that he wanted to die.

The Travels of Marco Polo

It was in 1254 when Maffeo Polo, a rich Venetian merchant, and his business partner brother Niccolo Polo were engaged in a journey outside Venice, Italy for trading in Constantinople and Far East.   Traveling on a Silk Road was a long sail, good enough for merchants like them.   However, as they planned going back home using the same route, they were trapped by the civil war between Hulagu and his opponent cousin Barka in Bukhara, and thus decide to use an eastward route although it was unfamiliar to them.There they meet an ambassador of Hulago who became an instrument of the meeting between the Polos and the great emperor as the latter was excited meeting a Latin for the first time.   The Polos were treated with high respect especially when the emperor learned about the Catholic faith.   He sent off the Polos to go home and ask the Holy See to send 100 educators and teach Khan’s citizens become Christians.   However, the death of Pope Clement IV made the Polos stran ded again but this time in Acre, Italy, year 1269.The College of Cardinals’ anointing of a new Pope happened in the late 1271.   Handling gifts and letters from Pope Gregory X (Teobaldo) of Piacenza, Polo brothers sailed themselves off again, with two friars and Niccolo’s 17-year old son Marco Polo.   Reaching the war zone, the two friars were discouraged and hesitant to continue the journey with the group.   The mission that was originally tasked to supposedly 100 educators was forcedly fall solely to Marco Polo.   This was the beginning of the latter’s meaningful journey to Asia, parts of Africa and Europe.Long after Marco Polo’s travel and escapades to Asia, he was able to sum up his accounts in a book written by him with the help of his romanticist writer friend Rusticiano de Pisa.   It has the full documentation of Marco, accounted diligently in four parts and given the title The Description of the World a.k.a. The Travels of Marco Polo..Ma rco Polo’s Travel Account on the Silk RoadMiddle East and Central AsiaOn their three and a half years of journey in the Silk Road, Marco had plenty of systematic observations from Middle Easter’s custom, religious practices, traditions, food, food preparations, history, climate, geographical, and natural resources to having a fascination on civilizations, tribes and beautiful Persian women, which Marco expressed in his original words as â€Å"a handsome race, especially the women, who, in my opinion, are the most beautiful in the world.†The group sailed from Laias port to Armenia until they reached the Persian Gulf.   From Homurz to Kerman, passing Herat, Balkh, Badakhshan, they were able to get on Pamir, a plateau between Afghanistan and Tibet, and described as the highest place on earth.   They traded with Tibetan Buddhists in Campichu.China (Cathay) and Kubilai Khan’s courtAs planned, the group reached their destination in Kublai Khan’s cour t, which is located in Shangtu, almost 200 miles away from Peking to deliver the oil as Pope Gregory X’s gift to the emperor.   Marco Polo observed Kublai Khan’s splendid living as royalty and nobleman with wisdom power, wealth and skill.   He discovered how Chinese give importance in record-keeping, feasts and festivals, and wondrous inventions such as monetary systems using stamp, paper and wood as money, literally running man as express messenger, fine highways, and the use of â€Å"black stone† or coal for fuel.   He expressed his praises in his line â€Å"To this city everything that is most rare and valuable in all parts of the world finds its way.†East Coast: Asia, Southeast Asia and AfricaThe fluency of Marco Polo in four different languages made the Polos ambassador of Khan Empire in some countries.   At the same time, Kublai Khan was successfully conquered the whole of China.   The Polos were allowed to go home in Venice with 600 crewm embers, which mostly did not survive believing that some were drowned, some were lost in storms, and some were died due to some malignant illnesses.There they encountered adventurous travels as they sailed south from Vietnam to Indochina.   He also made beautiful accounts of the place such as Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Japan, Siberia, Ethiopia, and the coast and islands of the Indian Sea.   On his accounts, he still admitted having this line, â€Å"I have only told the half of what I saw!†Wars and the Northern RegionWhile en route, the group heard the sad news that the great Mongolian emperor and conqueror of China Kublai Khan is already dead.   Afterwhich, they arrived in their homeland Venice in 1295.   Soon after their arrival, Marco Polo was engaged in a war against Genoa, which happened to be the most difficult rival of Venice’s sea-going trading.   Marco Polo was imprisoned.   He started his storytelling and then put it in writing afterwards.   He clear ly gave emphasized his praises as he was impressed in the Chinese civilization under Mongol ruling.He concluded his book with this explanation, â€Å"I believe that it was God's pleasure that we should get back in order that people might learn about the things that the world contains. Thanks be to God! Amen! Amen!†Analysis and ConclusionMarco Polo is not just a famous traveler and a relative of Venetian merchant during their times.   He could be called anthropologists.   Based on his great accounts traveling to the Silk Route or Silk Road, he made thorough information not just about the geographical route, but mostly its noteworthy and interesting details, which made his travel story a travelogue.He was able to educate his readers in his generation and even up to this modern era.   His book was not just about Chinese civilization, Mongolian wars and Kublai Khan’s Empire although his utmost impression with it was given full attention.   Furthermore, he gave focu s on some facts in Asia and its people; how they were differ from each other, Christianity as well as other religious belief and practices, etc.   He also managed completing his document without making any biased statements.This is the irony, trading as the primary goal of the Polos during their journey in the Silk Road was given sufficient justification in the book because in the end, trading serves as the main reason of the great traveler Marco Polo’s captivity in Genoa.R E F E R E N C ELatham, Ronald. The Travels of Marco Polo. New York: Penguin, 1958.

Media Influence on Eating Disorders Essay - 1800 Words

With eating disorders on the rise today, the media plays an important role in affecting self-esteem, leading a large amount of young adults to develop eating disorders. Many adolescents see the overbearing thin celebrities and try to reach medias level of thinness and ideal body weight. Sixty-nine of the girls reported that magazine pictures influenced their idea of the perfect body shape (Field). Not only is being thin associated with other positive characteristics such as, lovable, popular, beautiful, and sexy, but being overweight is connected with negative characteristics like fat, ugly, unpopular, and lazy. Therefore media is the distinct social pressure of operating to influence people to be thin and causing eating disorders.†¦show more content†¦Scientist have also found a new link that connects eating disorders to sever physiological problems. People with anorexia or bulimia appear to have deficient amounts of serotonin, a brain chemical associated with moods and emo tions, circulating in their brains. The lack of serotonin is also linked to people with depression (Chang). It is safe to state that another cause of eating disorders is depression. The causes of depression are perhaps when people see the beautiful models, they depressed because they dont look like them, so they long to look like them, and develop unhealthy eating habits. When people look at the advertisements, movies, shows, and commercials and compare themselves to the models, they look fat. They look and feel a lot larger because the models and examples they are comparing themselves to are so unhealthy and skinny. Model Kate Moss is dangerously underweight weighing ninety five pounds and standing five feet seven, this is thirty percent below the ideal body weight (Field). In reality it is the reader who is more than likely to already have a healthy weight. The models that everyone worships and compares themselves to, are unhealthy, underweight, and some have fully developed eating disorders. A study found that twenty five percent of Playboy centerfolds met the weightShow MoreRelatedMedias Influence On Eating Disorders1767 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Dying to be Perfect†: Medias’ Influence on Eating Disorders Poet Allen Ginsberg once said that â€Å"whoever controls the media-the images-controls the culture†, and nothing could be truer than this. Media plays a larger role in society within this generation more than many of us are aware of. It can easily impact people’s lives through aspects such as sports, fashion, movies or hobbies, but unfortunately, one of these impacts is how we view our body. Media constantly posts images and messagesRead MoreEssay about The Media?s Influence on Eating Disorders2203 Words   |  9 PagesThe Medias Influence on Eating Disorders Eating disorders are mental illnesses that affect more than 7 million American women and usually develop in girls ages 12-25. The most common age for a girl to begin having an eating disorder is 17 years old (Discovery Health?). The National Eating Disorders Association states that eating disorders are conditions that arise from factors including physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social issues. Media images help define cultural definitionsRead MoreInfluence of American Mass Media Ideals on Body Image and Eating Disorders in the U.S1243 Words   |  5 PagesMass media have an enormous impact on society and how people act, especially in developed countries. How do mass media influence views of body image and the development of eating disorders? People living in countries influenced by Western culture show concern for their appearance or dietary habits daily. This paper will analyze the effect of mass media on the issues of body image and eating disorders in the United States. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TRRead MorePromotion Of Eating Disorders And Social Medi Research Prospectus1110 Words   |  5 PagesPromotion of Eating Disorders in Social Media: Research Prospectus Background Eating disorders are defined as any range of psychological disorders, characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. And in today’s society these disorders are fairly common. Anorexia is a disorder characterized by a desire to lose weight by refusing to eat. 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Socio-cultural influe nces, like the false images of thin women haveRead MoreThe Medi A Helping Hand For Eating Disorders1279 Words   |  6 Pages Crystal Medina-Corchado Professor DeLuise ENGL-1105-40-F15 25 October 2015 The Media: A Helping Hand for Eating Disorders The media has taken a majority of time in the modern world, while morphing the ability to influence thought processes and how the brain perceives things around it. Television, for example, and even more so relevant—the Internet are the most powerful forms of media as they are able to produce advertisements that reflect and are more relatable to the targeted audience. Since theRead MoreMapping the Issue: Eating Disorders Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages Ever since the development of the media such as television, the internet, various fashion magazines and commercial advertisements, society focused more and more on personal appearances. Not only were runway models becoming slimmer but the viewers that watched and read about them were becoming more concerned with their weight. In the past fifty years the number of adolescent girls developing eating disorders increased just as television, advertisements, and magazines were becoming a social norm thatRead MoreMedias Effect on Eatin g Disorders1164 Words   |  5 PagesMedia’s Effect On Eating Disorders Symbolic Interactionism is a theory focusing on the approach that has evolved from social behaviorism and that stresses the symbolic nature of human interaction (p. 46). In society, there are norms and expectations that people are expected to follow and live by and trying to achieve this ideal self-image, people sometime behave in a self-destructing behavior. Because the media creates an image that we are suppose to fit, people will go to the extreme measuresRead MoreThe Media Is Responsible For The Increase Of Eating Disorders1452 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate different viewpoints on how the media plays a role in today’s era. My research will study the influence of media on eating behaviors and the significant studies regarding this topic. My paper will also cover the outcomes of media portraying unhealthy body images, weight loss ads, and the influence of the internet encouraging eating disorders. Based on the research, it can be clear that the media is responsible for the increase of eating disorders in today’s society. Therefore, it is importantRead MoreEffects Of Social Media Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of effects social media has on society, especially adolescent girls as that age group is mainly targeted. The role of media has changed drastically from when it first started to now. It was first created for the main purpose of communicating information. Although that is still true to this day, there are also other purposes for the media now. Media presents information through books, posters, the web and etc. One of the most popular forms of media today is social media. That includes Facebook

Behavioral Genetics How Does Genes Influence Brains...

Behavioral Genetics: How does Genes Influence Ones Behavior Many believe that the environment such as the individuals people associate with, the extracurricular activities people are involved in, the music people listen to, including things shown on tv and video games all influence behavior. Though all of the things listed above are said to be true, and do indeed play a role in behavior. There are major things inside the body that trigger peoples behavioral responses. Those major things are called genes. This paper will include a breakdown of genetics and behavior alone, including the definitions of each to allow a better understanding of the joint term â€Å"behavioral genetics†. Some very important biological and chemical concepts about the body that will help to understand where genes come from will be introduced. As well as a brief example of how the environment and genes come together to influence what we do. The type of genes that influence behavior, along with the influence behavioral genetics has on the brain will also be discussed. Genetics What are genetics? Genetics is the study of heredity, which is a biological process where certain traits are getting passed from parent to offspring or child (â€Å"What is Genetics†). All of our genetic DNA lies within the nucleus of all living cells in a persons body. The DNA found in the cells make the human genome. â€Å"There are about 20,000 genes located in one of the twenty three chromosomes found inside the nucleus (â€Å"What isShow MoreRelatedPerspectives of Psychology1141 Words   |  5 Pagesof mental processes, couple with behaviors, and experiences (Kalat, 2011). There are many ways in examining, mental processes and behaviors among people, and therefore psychologist uses different perspectives to understand how human beings, think, act, and behave. Some psychologist uses one perspective to analyze behaviors, and other uses a multidimensional approach. Carter Seifert (2013) identified 7 major perspectives that are used to study people’s behavior, and mental processe s. These perspectivesRead More Brain-Behavior and Nature-Nurture: Two Interacting Scientific Debates1360 Words   |  6 PagesBrain-Behavior and Nature-Nurture: Two Interacting Scientific Debates Whether there is more behind human behavior than can be explained solely by neural phenomena has been the subject of much time-worn scientific and philosophical debate. In regards to this question, two primary classes of alternative explanations come to mind: the human soul and the environment. The former of these involves a possible internal, individualistic force guiding behavior beyond the guides provided by the brain;Read MoreIs Problematic Behavior Genetics Or Learned?952 Words   |  4 PagesProblematic Behavior Genetics or Learned? : A Review of Literature Psychologists have been studying problematic behaviors for years. In some cases problematic behaviors can come from the same household and act totally different from one another. That’s what sparked researchers to try and figure out whether the behavior was learned, genetics, or is it from the person’s(infants, toddlers, adolescents, teens , and adults) environment. In order to figure out whether kids behaviors are genetic or if theyRead MoreSources and Implications of Different Perspectives of Behavior935 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective assumes that behavior is cause by that of the nervous system. So everything we say, do and think are due to brain activity between neutrons. Since our brain is determine somewhat by our genes we get from our parents, our behavior may be predetermined by these genetic factors. Since our genes are part of the evolutionary theory, psychologists think that behavior may have evolutionary explanations as to why we act the way we do. Gen etic influences, in some behaviors like hallucinations andRead MoreThe Biological Contribution Of Human Conduct Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted both by the genes that people acquire and nature in which they live. With the critical advances in learning of hereditary genes and distribution of the draft succession of the human genome, the concentration of research has moved by and by towards understanding the biological contribution to behavior A few scientists are endeavoring to find particular genes, or groups of genes, connected with behavioral characteristics and to comprehend the unpredictable relationship amongst genes and the environmentRead MoreThe Biological Approach : Mental Processes And Behaviors1356 Words   |  6 Pagesprocesses and behaviors by focusing on genetics and physiology. Psychologists who use the biological approach believe that mental processes and behaviors are caused and explained by activity between the nervous system and the brain. The biological approach is very scientific; therefore, psychologists can perform consistent, measureable experiments to examine how our genes, neuronal activity, and neurotransmitters interact with our environment and how they influence our mental processes and behaviors. PsychologistsRead MoreThe Impact Of Genes On A Person1230 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact of genes on a person is a well-known assumption among people who study genetics. When you think about it, who we are and how we act is based off of our genetic makeup. Behavioral genetics studies the inheritance of behavioral traits. There are some people who are just nice and easygoing people while others behave in an unmoral way or are considered anti-social. Behavior genetics is that branch that is trying to figure out what factors play a part in how people act and what genes lead to diverseRead More Behavioral Genetic Determinism: Do Genes Equal Behavior? Essay2523 Words   |  11 PagesBehavioral Genetic Determinism: Do Genes Equal Behav ior? Human behavior is a loosely defined foundation for individuality, generally considered to be influenced and developed by the environment. However, recent molecular studies have exposed genetic factors that suggest a more biological origin for behavior. Gene segments in the genome of humans and other animals have been identified and associated with particular behavioral traits. Is it possible that the presence or absence of even a singleRead MoreHuman Behavior And Human Development Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy of human genes is increasingly improving our understanding of human development, it is not solely our genetic makeup that determines how we will develop. Humans as a species share many universal traits, which make it easy to disregard the large influence the environment plays in development. Throughout the lifespan, the environment presents itself in many different positions that help determine and shape human development. By looking at the influence of the environ ment and genetics on human developmentRead MoreThe Correlation between Child Maltreatment and the Development of Antisocial Personality Disorder1557 Words   |  7 PagesAs with many influences on human behavior, environmental actions may actually trigger the genetic predispositions toward antisocial behavior. Of these environmental triggers, childhood abuse may be the most important of situational factors. Understanding antisocial personalities in individuals with biological susceptibility to antisocial behaviors and those who experienced maltreatment in a hostile environment would be at a high risk for developing antisocial personality disorder. Although the

Plato s Meno As A Socratic Discussion On Human Sexuality...

Plato s Meno is a Socratic discussion on the definition of human virtues where the main participants are Socrates and Meno. Other speakers in the dialogue include an Athenian politician, one of Meno s slaves, and Socrates’ prosecutor Anytus, who is a friend to Meno. Meno wants to understand the broad definition of human virtues and while visiting Athens he initiates the dialogue on virtues with Socrates. The discussion begins with Meno inquiring from Socrates whether virtues can be learned. Meno argues that, according to the Georgian’s, the attribute is defined differently by different people, and there is no common way to define it so as to apply it to all human beings. In response, Socrates argues that the Georgians do not understand the real meaning of virtue and in his opinion that some attributes are common to all human beings. Socrates also rejects the idea that virtues depend on human sexuality and age and insist that there are common attributes in humans. The conversation between the two becomes an argument on about the perfect definition of human characteristics. In essence, this paper discusses the critics in Plato s Meno that led to a senseless conclusion on virtues as it was significantly contributed by Socrates. As well, the paper will support the argument that the agreement between Socrates and Memo was based on distinct ideas. A misunderstanding starts when extracting virtues from the human characters. Meno, defines quite a number of human virtues, but

Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Compunds Free Essays

Analysis of Oxygen bearing Organic compounds Abstract The Unknown sample in the experiment can be tested to yield results such as 1 ° (primary), 2 ° (secondary), 3 ° (tertiary) alcohols. Tests such as the dichromate test, Tollen’s test, Lucas test, DNPH test and iodoform test would be very useful in determining the type of alcohol that the unknown sample belongs to. In the experiment, the unknown sample underwent series of testing to identify what property of alcohol it belonged to and the result was that it was a primary alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Compunds or any similar topic only for you Order Now It went through the Dichromate reaction, Tollen’s reaction and finally the Lucas reaction. Introduction â€Å"The analysis of oxygen bearing organic compounds† is an experiment in which a variety of tests are available to identify a compound’s property whether it is a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol. The tests that are included to come up with such results are interconnected with one another like that of the Dichromate test, followed by the Tollen’s test to yield an aldehyde if positive for mirror coating. The second set of procedure would again start with The Dichromate test, followed by the Tollen’s test and finally the Lucas test to yield either primary alcohol if it became turbid or secondary alcohols as it’s result if it did not turn turbid. The last set of interconnected tests were that of again, the Dichromate test, Followed by the DNPH that would determine if the unknown sample is a Ketone (positive for red-orange precipitate) or a tertiary alcohol (if negative for red-orange precipitate). But before going deeper on what these tests are, what first are the difference between their results which are the primary, secondary and the tertiary alcohols, aldehydes and ketones? Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. Note however that there are different kinds of alcohols and Alcohols are categorized into different classes depending on how the -OH group is positioned and arranged on the chain of the carbon atoms. Chemical differences between the various types are possible. First to be discussed would be the Primary (1 °) alcohol, in which the carbon carrying the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group. Meanwhile, In a secondary (2 °) alcohol, the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined precisely to two alkyl groups, these alkyl groups that are attached to the carbon chain may be the same or different. In a tertiary (3 °) alcohol, the carbon atom holding the -OH group is attached directly to three alkyl groups, which may be any combination of same or different [1]. On the other hand, another result that can occur would be the presence of ketones and Aldehydes. But again, to understand the experiment further, what are Ketones and aldehydes? A ketone can be characterized as either the functional group categorized by a carbonyl group (O=C) attached to two other carbon atoms or it can be identified as a chemical compound that contains a carbonyl group. A carbonyl carbon bonded to two carbon atoms makes ketones different from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, amides, and other oxygen-containing compounds. The double-bond of the carbonyl group distinguishes ketones from alcohols and ethers. The simplest ketone known is acetone [2]. Lastly among the results is the aldehyde. The term aldehyde seems to have arisen from the wordds alcohol dehydrogenated. Way back in earlier times, aldehydes were at times named after the corresponding alcohols, for example, vinous aldehyde for acetaldehyde. (Vinous is from Latin vinum = wine, the traditional source of ethanol; compare vinyl. ). An aldehyde is an example of an organic compound which has a terminal carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double-bonded to an oxygen atom (chemical formula O=CH-), is commonly called the aldehyde group. The other names for aldehyde group are formyl and methanoyl group. The aldehyde group is considered polar. Oxygen, which is more electronegative than carbon, pulls the electrons in the carbon-oxygen bond in the direction of itself, creating an electron deficiency at the carbon atom. Owing to resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, an ? -hydrogen in an aldehyde is more acidic than a hydrogen atom in an alkane, with a typical pKa of 17 [3]. Results and discussions The experiment included parallel testing of 3 liquids that would be used for comparison. the first sample would be the unknown sample, the second would be the positive standard in which formaldehyde was used and the last wold be the negative sample in which the simplest ketone, Acetone was used. Only three test were used to determine whether the group’s unknown sample was under the category of primary, secondary, tertiary alcohol, aldehydes or ketones. The three tests were done one after the other in this order: Dichromate test, Tollen’s test, and Lucas test respectively. In the Dichromate test, the unknown sample and the formaldehyde turned green meaning that dichromate oxidized the primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, and aldehydes to ketones or carboxylic acids. Samples turning green would be an indicator that the samples are positive for oxidation and therefore are oxidizable. On the other hand, the acetone remained orange which means that it is not oxidizable and can be further continued to another test, the DPNH test which would prove that it is categorized as a ketone because of the presence of a red-orange precipitate that indicates that the DPNH reagent condenses with the carbonyl containing molecules. The second test that followed the Dichromate test was the Tollen’s test. In this test, the unknown sample turned clear gray and the formaldehyde turned into a dark grey liquid with silver streaks. The silver streaks are similar with the silver mirror coat that means that the Tollen’s reagent oxidized the ammonium salts of the carboxylic acids with this, the formaldehyde was categorized as an aldehyde. Alternatively, The clear grey liquid of the unknown sample would indicate that it was not positive for the Tollen’s test and therefore it would need to continue to be tested so as to decipher if it is a primary or secondary alcohol. The last test would be the Lucas test in which the unknown sample did not turn turbid and therefore it was concluded to be a primary alcohol. Together with the unknown sample that did not turn turbid was isopropyl and MeOH which just remained as clear liquids. then again, the sample liquid that turned turbid was the tertbutyl. By this reaction, it is said that alcohols are converted to alkyl chlorides with ZnCl2 taking into consideration too that different alcohol types respond at different rates with ZnCl2. Table 1. Chemical Test |Unknown sample |Standard (+) |Standard(-) | |Dichromate |*unknown sample turned green |*formaldehyde turned green meaning |*Acetone remained orange meaning it| | |meaning it it oxidizable |it is oxidizable |is not oxidizable | |Tollen’s |*unknown sample turned clear gray |*formaldehyde turned dark gray with|*acetone turned very light grey | | | |silver streaks. then turned clear. | |Lucas |*unknown sample did not turn turbid|*Tertbutyl-turned turbid fast |*Acetone- Clear; already not | | | |*Isopropyl-clear |applicable since it is a ketone. | | | |*MeOH-clear | | Experimentation A. An unknown sample was given and it should be parallel tested with two other standards- one would be positive and one would be negative. B. The Dichromate test started the experiment. 8 drops of the unknown sample as well as the the two other standard- formaldehyde and Acetone was placed in separate test tubes addind 2 drops of of 10% K2Cr2O7 and 5 drops of 6M H2SO4. C. The Tollen’s test followed. 2 ml of freshly made Tollen’s reagent and 5 droops of the unknown sample were mixed. After 5 minutes and the silver precipitate did not form yet, it was placed in a 70 degree water bath for another 5 minutes. Then the results were observed. D. The last test was the Lucas test in which the iunknown sample, tertbutyl, isopropyl and MeOH was tested all at the same time. 5 drops of the sample was and 15 drops of concentrated HCl was mixed together with a â€Å"corn grain† amount of ZnCl2 solid and the appearance of turbidity was observed or not. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the unknown sample that was given to be tested was an oxidizable, primary alcohol based on the tests that were conducted. Since it was positive for the dichromate test, it was deemed to be oxidizable. In the Tolle’s test, as it did not produce a mirror coat, it was directed to the choice of being a primary or a secondary alcohol. And for the last test, the Lucas test, it was finally concluded that it was a primary alcohol since it did not turn turbid. References: Books: †¢ Timberlake, Karen C. , â€Å"General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Structures of Life,Platinum Edition†, Pearson Education, Inc. , 2004 †¢ Bettelheim, F. A. , [et al. ], â€Å"Introduction to organic and biochemistry. 6th ed. †? Belmont, CA : Brooks/Cole, c2007 †¢ Wade, L. G. , . â€Å"Organic chemistry 6th ed. †. Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Pearson Prentice Hall, c2006. Additional On-line sources: †¢ [1] Clarks, j. (2003). Alcohol oxidation. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http://www. chemguide. co. uk/organicprops/alcohols/oxidation. html †¢ [2] N. A, (24 August 2008). Ketones. Wikipedia ®. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ketones †¢ †¢ [3] N. A, (31 August 2008). Aldehydes. Wikipedia ®. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aldehydes How to cite Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Compunds, Essay examples

Andrew Blake Essay Example For Students

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